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Example of Abstract

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Chemists have long sought an electrolyte additive that would improve battery performance, especially at low temperatures.  Ten organic additives were investigated to learn more about their effects on the rechargeability of an experimental lead-acid cell at 5 degree Fahrenheit.  In each set of trials a different additive (0.001% by weight) was mixed with the sulfuric acid in the cell.  The cell was then charged and discharged at eight current intensities  The additives included adipic acid, azelaic acid, p-phenolsulfonic acid, hydroquinoe, 1-naphthol a5-sulfonic acid, phthalic aid, sucrose, tartaric acid, alphanaphthol, and 8-hydroxyquinoline.

Adipic acid resulted in the best high-rate charge acceptance; however, the level reached was only 96% of that achieved without any additives.  Alpha-napthol, the worst, reached a level of only 20%.  In addition to the obvious conclusion that these additives do not improve rechargeability, the following trend appears valid:  the higher the recharge voltage, the lower the charge acceptance.

This sample was taken to Technical Writing Revised Edition by Corazon C. Obnamia, et. al.

Finding Thesis Topic

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One of the biggest obstacles of student is to find a thesis topic. After taking up academics requirement for graduate students, they should make a thesis or dissertation.  Now the problem is they don’t know what will be the best topic for their thesis.

In finding a thesis topic, you should first identify what subject or topic will interest you and will definitely love and enjoy the topic even for the several years.  It should be based on your personal preferences and target goal.  In this case, you can save time and effort because you already obtain stock knowledge since you are familiar with the topic.

Another way of finding a thesis topic is to become active reader and listener so that you will know the demands of society and eventually you will become familiar the subject matter that is timely. Also, be familiar with the existing thesis or dissertation to become aware with topic ideas and styles.  In this way, you will get ideas for your own topic and observe how each thesis is written to answer one basic question with additional sub topic. Also, observe the methodologies use to answer various questions.

If you already know the subject or topic for your topic, it is time to ask for help on adviser.  You can talk to professors or other professional and ask them to give a suggestion that you might be able to pursue.

Benefits of using Visual Aids

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Readers always remember about 15% of what they hear and about 50% of what they see.  Visual aids increases the amount of information retained by a reader therefore the use of visual aids is encourage in your thesis writing.

The following are suggestions from Pickett and Laster:

  • Study the use of visuals by analyzing their use in books and periodicals
  • Choose the most appropriate types of visuals as to their purpose, the needs of the audience and the specific idea to be presented
  • Prepare the visuals carefully by proper and careful organization of information.  Include all necessary labels, symbols, titles and headings.  Make the visual pleasing to its by not overcrowding it
  • Decide whether to make the visual “run-on” in the text or to separate it from the text
  • Establish a proper relationship between the visual and the text
  • Refer to tables as tables; all other visuals are called figure
  • Give the source of a borrowed or copied visual
  • Mount the visual if necessary

Visual aids are an effective way to help your reader to retain a better understanding of information because it holds attention, help concentration and aid retention.  It also adds interest and variety and break up information into smaller section.  In addition, using graphs, tables and charts is an easiest way to display a lot of data or information.

Nursing Thesis Topics

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Being a nursing student, somewhere in time you will be require to do a thesis, of course, it should be related to your field. Nursing thesis is essential for those want to get practical experience at public hospital or for those who are interested in expanding their nursing career.  Your nursing thesis must be related to the field you are planning to work.  Nursing topic should be narrow, not to too broad in order to cover the issue.

Some of the great topics for nursing thesis include health education, midwifery, nursing in the community, holistic health care, ethnicity and patient care, nurse-patient relationship, doctor-nurse relationship, nursing practice, nursing scrubs,  nursing theory, nursing administrator, nursing uniform, private nursing vs. public nursing, etc.

If you are decided on your nursing thesis topic, you will need sources of information such as surveys, magazines and newspapers, past research paper, online and off-line libraries, and data from latest debates on town.  These sources of information are very helpful in obtaining facts and data on your nursing thesis.

After collecting data and from different sources, you will need to the next step, analyze data and now you are ready to have an outline.  Your nursing thesis outline may includes introduction, list of problems, review of related literature, argument, answer, conclusion and reference.

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Parts of the Project Study

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Project study is used to convince the reader or audience that the project being studied is the best and most beneficial, efficient and economical in all aspects.  Of course, your project study should be based on feasibility study conducted in order to become more effective. The following are some parts of project study.

I.    Title Page
II.    Letter of Transmittal
III.    Introduction
IV.    Related Literature
V.    Methodology
VI.    Discussion of Results and Findings
VII.    Conclusion
VIII.    Recommendation
IX.    Appendix
X.    References

Other Parts

1.    Preliminaries
2.    The Problem and Its Background
3.    Review of Relate Literature and Studies
4.    Method of Study and Sources of Data
5.    Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data
6.    Summary, Conclusions and Recommendatins
7.    Bibliography
8.    Appedices

Sequence of a Research Report

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According to Technical Writing and Reporting by Igoy, Saymo and Esperon, research report is a careful, systematic, methodical and objective inquiry that leads to the development of generalization and theories.  To present the result of the experiment or study, a scientific writing called the research report should be made.

The following are the sequence of a Research Report.  This outline follows the usual sequence in research reports.

A.    Preliminary Section or Front Matter
1.    Title Page
2.    Acknowlegement (if any)
3.    Table of Contents
4.    List of Tables (if any)
5.    List of Figures (if any)

B.    Main Body of the Report
1.    Introduction
a.    Statement of the Problem – specific questions to be answered- hypothesis tested
b.    Significance of the Problem
c.    Purposes of the Study
d.    Assumptions, Limitations and Delimitations
e.    Definition of Important Terms

2.    Review of Related Literature or Analysis of Previous Research

3.    Design of the Study
a.    Procedures Used
b.    Sources of Data
c.    Methods of Gathering Data
d.    Description of Data-gathering Instruments Used

4.    Presentation and Analysis of Data
a.    Text
b.    Table
c.    Figures

5.    Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
a.    Restatement of the Problem
b.    Description of Procedures Used
c.    Principal Findings and Conclusions
d.    Recommendation for Further Research

C.    Reference Section
1.    Bibliography
2.    Appendix

Main Body of the Report

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The main body of your thesis or dissertation is divided into five sections such as Introduction, Review of Related Literature, Design of the Study, Presentation and Analysis of Data and Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations

Introduction

It gives the rationale of the project as well as the importance of the project. Theoretical framework is also included in the introduction section

Review of Related Literature

It includes the summary of studies as well as the literature both local and foreign which were consulted in the conduct of the study.

Design of the Study

It provides methodology in which includes research design, respondents, sampling procedure, instruments used and procedure.

Presentation and Analysis of Data and Summary

It provides a brief summary of the principal findings. Also, interpretation of the data collected is included.  Readers should the results that the researchers found out.

Summary, Conclusions and Recommendation

It sums up the entire study including the short description of the problem, methodology, findings, conclusions and recommendations. The researcher should point out the aspect of the study that needs further improvement.

Example of Memorandum Type Periodic Report

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To: Dean Victor Peralta
From: Engr. Manduel Seneres
Date: October 28, 2004
Subject: Weekly report of the maintenance personnel on the repair of Comfort Rooms at the College of Arts and Social Sciences (CASS) building from October 23-26, 2003

Date: Work Completed

October 23 – Worked from 7:30 am to 5:00 pm, Repaired comfort rooms at CASS building.  Work on dilapidated doors and windows.

October 24 – Worked from 7:30 am to 5:00 pm, Repaired Electrical Connections of said Comfort Rooms at the CASS building.  Changed fuse, outlets, etc.

October 25 –Worked from 7:30 am to 5:00 pm.  Repaired water connection of the Comfort Rooms of the CASS building.  Changed several tube fittings.

– Worked from 7:30 am to 5:00 pm.  Worked on the repainting of Comfort Rooms of the CASS building

Example of Field Report

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Visit to the Computer Center
Asia Pacific College
Malolos, Bulacan

By means of the telephone, I made an appointment with Engr. Norberto Samson, the Director of the Computer Center of the Asia Pacific College.  The meeting was set last September 10, 1997 at 4:00 pm.  The purpose of the visit was to observe the equipment and their operations as well as to discuss the qualifications needed to get a job at the Center system and to observe and take part in operating one of the computers.

Qualifications

Through the discussion I had with Engr. Samson, I learned that for one to get a job at the Computer Center, a person must have a background in Computer specifically data processing.  The more experienced a person is in data processing, the better the chances are of getting at the Center.

Beginning Positions

A new employee with no data processing work experience would probably start at the Computer Center with a job in keypunch.  This job involves the punching of data on to cards that are run through the computer.  Very often this job includes a lot of night work, especially for the beginner  As an employee masters certain skills, the chances for a higher position in the center increases.  The new employee with experience or specialized training can move into responsible high-paying positions within a few months.

Observation of Equipment and Operations

The Computer Center has such a large load of work that it is equipped with two IBM systems, three computers with model types XT, 286 and 386.  Different offices and departments of Asia Pacific College bring in raw data which are programmed and processed by the computers and the results are returned to the different offices.

Conclusions and Recommendations

My visit to the Computer Center was very interesting and worthwhile.  Engineer Samson encouraged me to continue my education in data processing and to get much out of the courses as I could because that knowledge would help me to get a good job and to advance.  He asked me to be sure to apply for a ready employment at the Computer Center when I completed my college studies.

I would recommended that anyone interested in data processing visit a company using computer and observe its operation.  The visit led me to feel secure in the belief that there is a very bright future for me in the field of data processing – if I get good training.

Medical Thesis Writing

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Medical thesis or dissertation is one of the interesting to write because medical field is important aspect to our society.  It is not only about drugs and medicine but it is all about health and medicines that’s why there is unlimited topic to talk about. Of course, the topic chosen should have beneficial results.  In addition, your medical thesis should be feasible and appealing to the public.

Writing medical thesis is not only about completing school requirement but it involves writing an endless assignment.  You must have good educational background in order to have a strong medical thesis or dissertation.  You should expand your knowledge by finding and analyzing interesting theories, assumptions, and facts.  You should always consider the beneficial and positive result of the new research.  Medical thesis writing is very time consuming process that why you should be self-disciplined and patient to handle all the stages.

Medical students often do a medical thesis as part of their school requirement.  Medical thesis may be all about illness, cancer or AIDS cures, insurance benefits, smoking, health care system, etc.

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